[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/vodeodolnost-topanok-a-membrany\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/vodeodolnost-topanok-a-membrany\/","headline":"Vodeodolnos\u0165 top\u00e1nok a membr\u00e1ny","name":"Vodeodolnos\u0165 top\u00e1nok a membr\u00e1ny","description":"Membr\u00e1naje tenk\u00fd \u00fatvar, ktor\u00fd sa vyzna\u010duje polopriepustnos\u0165ou. Umel\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny b\u00fdvaj\u00fa vodeodoln\u00e9, vetruvzdorn\u00e9 a v neposlednom rade priedu\u0161n\u00e9. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie membr\u00e1ny s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z kopolym\u00e9rov alebo klasick\u00fdch polym\u00e9rov. Pod\u013ea \u0161trukt\u00fary rozozn\u00e1vame dva typy: Hydrof\u00f3bne (por\u00e9zne)\u2013 napr. Gore-Tex\u00ae Membr\u00e1ny vyroben\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 nasa\u0165 vodu. Trik je v mili\u00f3noch mikrokapil\u00e1r. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 jedna kapil\u00e1ra je pribli\u017ene...","datePublished":"2023-10-03","dateModified":"2023-10-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bbaa4e9a58aac4329fe0ade0f3fb816f09f0dc43c21f6e884dccfbc124b16b29?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"kusi.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301385_w16606_t1558965253.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301385_w16606_t1558965253.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/vodeodolnost-topanok-a-membrany\/","wordCount":441,"articleBody":"Membr\u00e1naje tenk\u00fd \u00fatvar, ktor\u00fd sa vyzna\u010duje polopriepustnos\u0165ou. Umel\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny b\u00fdvaj\u00fa vodeodoln\u00e9, vetruvzdorn\u00e9 a v neposlednom rade priedu\u0161n\u00e9. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie membr\u00e1ny s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z kopolym\u00e9rov alebo klasick\u00fdch polym\u00e9rov.Pod\u013ea \u0161trukt\u00fary rozozn\u00e1vame dva typy:\t\tHydrof\u00f3bne (por\u00e9zne)\u2013 napr. Gore-Tex\u00aeMembr\u00e1ny vyroben\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 nasa\u0165 vodu. Trik je v mili\u00f3noch mikrokapil\u00e1r. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 jedna kapil\u00e1ra je pribli\u017ene dvadsa\u0165 tis\u00edc kr\u00e1t men\u0161ia ne\u017e je molekula vody \u2013 v praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kvapky vody neprejd\u00fa cez t\u00fato membr\u00e1nu dovn\u00fatra top\u00e1nky. Napriek tomu v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017eu \u201cd\u00fdcha\u0165\u201d a prepusti\u0165 molekuly vodnej pary pre\u010d z top\u00e1nky. Voda v plynnom skupenstve ( v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade pot z n\u00f4h) je sedemsto kr\u00e1t men\u0161ia, ne\u017e je ktor\u00e1ko\u013evek kapil\u00e1ra v top\u00e1nke. Bonusom je tie\u017e takzvan\u00e9 labyrintov\u00e9 usporiadanie p\u00f3rov v top\u00e1nke tak, \u017ee sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa skoro nepriechodn\u00fdmi pre vietor.Netreba zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na fakt, \u017ee por\u00e9zna membr\u00e1na nie je sto percentne nepremokav\u00e1. Ak sa dodr\u017eia ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 podmienky, tak cez \u0148u m\u00f4\u017ee prenikn\u00fa\u0165 aj voda v kvapalnom skupenstve. Faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face vodeodolnos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165 membr\u00e1ny s\u00fa \u010distota p\u00f3rov a tlak, ktor\u00fd kvapaln\u00e1 voda vyv\u00edja.\t\tHydrofiln\u00e9 (nepor\u00e9zne)\u2013 napr. Sympatex\u00aeMembr\u00e1ny s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu nasa\u0165 vodu nie len v plynnom, ale aj v kvapalnom skupenstve. Oproti por\u00e9znym membr\u00e1nam funguj\u00fa na princ\u00edpe dif\u00fazie. Dif\u00fazia je dej, pri ktorom sa vyrovn\u00e1va tlak vodnej pary na vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm p\u00f4soben\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch molek\u00fal. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee plynn\u00e9 molekuly potu migruj\u00fa z vn\u00fatra top\u00e1nky von a naopak dovtedy, k\u00fdm sa tlak na oboch stran\u00e1ch nevyrovn\u00e1.V porovnan\u00ed s prv\u00fdm typom membr\u00e1n s\u00fa nepor\u00e9zne dlhotrv\u00e1cej\u0161ie a omnoho menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na po\u0161kodenia. Nev\u00fdhodou je o \u010dosi ni\u017e\u0161ia paropriepustnos\u0165. Fyzick\u00e9 testovanie dok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee hydrofiln\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny lep\u0161ie funguj\u00fa pri teplot\u00e1ch tesne nad bodom mrazu.Pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee s\u00fa membr\u00e1ny samy o sebe n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na po\u0161kodenie, zvykn\u00fa sa bu\u010f strojovo laminova\u0165 na in\u00fa textiln\u00fa vrstvu, alebo sa vo\u013ene zavesi\u0165 medzi spodn\u00fa a vrchn\u00fa kryciu vrstvu l\u00e1tky. Z technick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska rozozn\u00e1vame a\u017e tri druhy lamin\u00e1cie, a to dvoj, troj a dva a pol vrstvov\u00fd lamin\u00e1t. Ne\u017e sa rozhodnete pre ak\u00fdko\u013evek typ membr\u00e1ny, nezabudnite ju doma najsk\u00f4r otestova\u0165.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Vodeodolnos\u0165 top\u00e1nok a membr\u00e1ny","item":"https:\/\/www.kusi.sk\/vodeodolnost-topanok-a-membrany\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]